Step 3a - Adding volumetric heating

In Step 3, we added the time-derivative term to the heat equation, and showed how including it allows for the solution of transient thermal problems. Some thermal problems also involve a volumetric heat source, which could arise due to a number of phenomena, including exothermic chemical reactions, nuclear fission, and resistive heating.

#
# Single block thermal input with time derivative and volumetric heat source terms
# https://mooseframework.inl.gov/modules/heat_transfer/tutorials/introduction/therm_step03.html
#

[Mesh]
  [generated]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [T]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = T
  []
  [time_derivative]
    type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = HeatSource
    variable = T
    value = 1e4
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 45.0
    specific_heat = 0.5
  []
  [density]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density'
    prop_values = 8000.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [t_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T
    value = 300
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [t_right]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = T
    function = '300+5*t'
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 5
  dt = 1
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [t_sampler]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = T
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '2 0.5 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = x
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = therm_step03a_out
    execute_on = final
  []
[]
(contrib/moose/modules/heat_transfer/tutorials/introduction/therm_step03a.i)

Input file

Kernels

The only change necessary to include a volumetric heating term to this problem is to add an additional block under Kernels for the volumetric heat source, which is provided by the HeatSource kernel. The prescribed value here is a constant heat source prescribed as a heat source per unit volume. Options exist for prescribing this using a function, which provides the flexibility to model a wide variety of problems.

It may seem unusual that this is prescribed using a Kernel because this is similar in nature to a boundary condition. However, volume integrals are prescribed as Kernels in MOOSE, regardless of whether they are source terms or terms that depend on a derivative of the solution.

[Kernels]
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = T
  []
  [time_derivative]
    type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = HeatSource
    variable = T
    value = 1e4
  []
[]
(contrib/moose/modules/heat_transfer/tutorials/introduction/therm_step03a.i)

Questions

Before running the model, consider how the solution should change with the addition of volumetric heating.

Click here for the answer.

Now go ahead and run the input and visualize the result to see if it matches the behavior you would expect.

Exploring parameters

Try changing the magnitude of the volumetric heating and see how that affects the solution.